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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q26-Q31):

NEW QUESTION # 26
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is not behind a firewall?

A. A SYN and an ACK packet
B. A FIN and an ACK packet
C. A RST and an ACK packet
D. ICMP message showing Port Unreachable

Answer: C

Explanation:
TCP uses a structured handshake, and its response to a connection attempt on a closed port follows a specific protocol when unobstructed by a firewall.
Why C is correct: A closed TCP port responds with a RST (Reset) and ACK (Acknowledgment) packet to terminate the connection attempt immediately. CNSP highlights this as a key scanning indicator.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: ICMP Port Unreachable is for UDP, not TCP.
B: FIN/ACK is for closing active connections, not rejecting new ones.
D: SYN/ACK indicates an open port during the TCP handshake.

NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following is an example of a SUID program?

A. None of the above
B. /usr/bin/curl
C. /usr/bin/passwd
D. /bin/ls

Answer: C

Explanation:
In Linux/Unix, the SUID (Set User ID) bit allows a program to execute with the owner's permissions, typically root, rather than the caller's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute field (e.g., -rwsr-xr-x). Common SUID programs perform privileged tasks requiring temporary elevation.
Analysis:
C . /usr/bin/passwd:
Purpose: Updates user passwords in /etc/shadow (root-owned, 0600 perms).
Permissions: Typically -rwsr-xr-x, owned by root. The SUID bit lets non-root users modify shadow securely.
Command: ls -l /usr/bin/passwd confirms SUID (s in user execute).
A . /bin/ls:
Purpose: Lists directory contents, no privileged access needed.
Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x (no SUID). Runs as the calling user.
B . /usr/bin/curl:
Purpose: Transfers data over HTTP/FTP, no root privileges required by default.
Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x (no SUID).
Technical Details:
SUID Bit: Set via chmod u+s <file> or chmod 4755.
Security: SUID binaries are audited (e.g., find / -perm -u=s) due to escalation risks if writable or poorly coded (e.g., buffer overflows).
Security Implications: CNSP likely highlights SUID as an attack vector (e.g., CVE-1996-0095 exploited passwd flaws). Hardening removes unnecessary SUID bits.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B: Lack SUID; no privileged operations.
D: Incorrect, as /usr/bin/passwd is a SUID example.
Real-World Context: SUID on /bin/su or /usr/bin/sudo similarly enables privilege escalation, often targeted in exploits.

NEW QUESTION # 28
Which SMB (Server Message Block) network protocol versions are vulnerable to the EternalBlue (MS17-010) Windows exploit?

A. SMBv3 only
B. SMBv2 only
C. Both SMBv1 and SMBv2
D. SMBv1 only

Answer: D

Explanation:
EternalBlue (MS17-010) is an exploit targeting a buffer overflow in Microsoft's SMB (Server Message Block) implementation, leaked by the Shadow Brokers in 2017. SMB enables file/printer sharing:
SMBv1 (1980s): Legacy, used in Windows NT/XP.
SMBv2 (2006, Vista): Enhanced performance/security.
SMBv3 (2012, Windows 8): Adds encryption, multichannel.
Vulnerability:
EternalBlue exploits a flaw in SMBv1's SRVNET driver (srv.sys), allowing remote code execution via crafted packets. Microsoft patched it in March 2017 (MS17-010).
Affected OS: Windows XP to Server 2016 (pre-patch), if SMBv1 enabled.
Proof: WannaCry/NotPetya used it, targeting port 445/TCP.
SMBv1 Only: The bug resides in SMBv1's packet handling (e.g., TRANS2 requests). SMBv2/v3 rewrote this code, immune to the specific overflow.
Microsoft: Post-patch, SMBv1 is disabled by default (Windows 10 1709+).
Security Implications: CNSP likely stresses disabling SMBv1 (e.g., via Group Policy) and patching, as EternalBlue remains a threat in legacy environments.
Why other options are incorrect:
B, C: SMBv2/v3 aren't vulnerable; the flaw is SMBv1-specific.
D: SMBv2 isn't affected, only SMBv1.
Real-World Context: WannaCry's 2017 rampage hit unpatched SMBv1 systems (e.g., NHS), costing billions.

NEW QUESTION # 29
The Active Directory database file stores the data and schema information for the Active Directory database on domain controllers in Microsoft Windows operating systems. Which of the following file is the Active Directory database file?

A. NTDS.MDB
B. MSAD.MDB
C. NTDS.DAT
D. NTDS.DIT

Answer: D

Explanation:
The Active Directory (AD) database on Windows domain controllers contains critical directory information, stored in a specific file format.
Why D is correct: The NTDS.DIT file (NT Directory Services Directory Information Tree) is the Active Directory database file, located in C:WindowsNTDS on domain controllers. It stores all AD objects (users, groups, computers) and schema data in a hierarchical structure. CNSP identifies NTDS.DIT as the key file for AD data extraction in security audits.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . NTDS.DAT: Not a valid AD database file; may be a confusion with other system files.
B . NTDS.MDB: Refers to an older Microsoft Access database format, not used for AD.
C . MSAD.MDB: Not a recognized file for AD; likely a misnomer.

NEW QUESTION # 30
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is behind a firewall?

A. RST and an ACK packet
B. A SYN and an ACK packet
C. A FIN and an ACK packet
D. No response

Answer: D

Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) to establish connections, as per RFC 793. When a client sends a SYN packet to a port:
Open Port: The server responds with SYN-ACK.
Closed Port (no firewall): The server sends an RST (Reset) packet, often with ACK, to terminate the attempt immediately.
However, when a firewall is present, its configuration dictates the response. Modern firewalls typically operate in stealth mode, using a "drop" rule for closed ports rather than a "reject" rule:
Drop: Silently discards the packet without replying, resulting in no response. The client experiences a timeout (e.g., 30 seconds), as no feedback is provided.
Reject: Sends an RST or ICMP "Port Unreachable," but this is less common for security reasons, as it confirms the firewall's presence.
For a closed TCP port behind a firewall, "no response" (drop) is the standard behavior in secure configurations, minimizing information leakage to attackers. This aligns with CNSP's focus on firewall best practices to obscure network topology during port scanning (e.g., with Nmap).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK is used to close an established TCP connection gracefully (e.g., after data transfer), not to respond to an initial SYN on a closed port.
B . RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK is the host's response to a closed port without a firewall. A firewall's drop rule overrides this by silently discarding the packet.
C . A SYN and an ACK packet: SYN-ACK indicates an open port accepting a connection, the opposite of a closed port scenario.
Real-World Context: Tools like Nmap interpret "no response" as "filtered" (firewall likely present) vs. "closed" (RST received), aiding in firewall detection.

NEW QUESTION # 31
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